The Resolute Guardian: Pa-She-Pa-Haw, A Sauk Chief This lithograph is of Pa-She-Pa-Haw, a leader of the Sauk tribe, also known as the Sac or 'The Stabbing Chief'. The artwork is derived from the "History of the Indian Tribes of North America," and it is based on original paintings by Charles Bird King and others around 1838. Charles Bird King's portraits are highly regarded for their artistic merit and for the insights they provide into the lives and appearances of Native American leaders during a pivotal time in their history. These lithographs, often hand-colored, became crucial historical records after many of King's original paintings were lost to fire. The Sauk tribe was one of many that inhabited the Eastern Woodlands cultural region. In the 17th century, when the French first documented contact with the Sauk, they were located near what is now Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Sauk were known for their semi-nomadic lifestyle, moving with the seasons to hunt, fish, and cultivate food. In the lithograph, Pa-She-Pa-Haw is depicted with a commanding presence, his gaze direct and piercing. He wears a fur draped across his shoulders, and his head is adorned with a dark blue headband. The artwork captures the strength and stoic nature often attributed to leaders and warriors of Native American tribes. The intricate detail and the rich, hand-applied coloration of the lithograph serve to emphasize the importance of Pa-She-Pa-Haw's leadership and the pride of the Sauk tribe during a time of significant upheaval and change.