**After Jacob van Ruisdael** – anonymous Dutch painter or close follower/imitator working in the style of Ruisdael’s mature landscape production. No visible signature, monogram or date on the front or reverse. The designation “after” is used because the composition, central motif, atmospheric effects and symbolic elements are directly derived from Ruisdael’s most characteristic works, but the execution shows certain simplifications in detail, brushwork refinement and dramatic contrast that are typical of secondary painters or imitators rather than an autograph work by the master. **Comparative Market Context:** - 17th-century Dutch landscapes “after” or “follower of” Jacob van Ruisdael featuring ruined buildings on hills/rocks with figures and rivers typically sell at auction (Dorotheum Vienna, Lempertz Cologne, regional houses, Christie's) for €2,000–€6,000 realized (incl. premium). https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-5350804 Provenance: Formerly in a European private collection; acquired on the Vienna antiques market (Austria). The object has been in Europe for several decades. The romantic ruin motif, poetic atmosphere, classic Golden Age symbolism and good overall legibility make this piece appealing to collectors of Dutch 17th-century landscapes, Old Masters enthusiasts on a moderate budget, or decorators seeking authentic period drama for living rooms or studies.